This report examines the Postal Services Modernisation Discussion Paper, focusing on Australia Post's evolution from a mail-focused business to a parcel delivery service. With the growth of internet shopping, parcel volumes have increased significantly, and Australia Post has responded with a number of initiatives including building a national network of parcel lockers and introducing electric delivery vehicles to reduce carbon emissions. In addition, the report highlights the significance of ancillary services provided by Australia Post, such as identity checking, in facilitating the issuance of aviation and maritime security identification cards. Finally, the report emphasizes the importance of Australia Post continuing to operate in a commercially viable way, given its pivotal role in the efficient movement of freight by parcel.